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	<title>生信菜鸟团 &#187; illumina</title>
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		<title>使用trimmomatic对illumina数据做质控-去接头还有去除低质量碱基</title>
		<link>http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1958.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1958.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Oct 2016 02:50:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ulwvfje]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[基础软件]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adaptor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illumina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trimmomatic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[接头]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/?p=1958</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[因为一直拿到的是公司给的特别好的数据，所以没太关注质控这个问题，最近拿到了raw &#8230; <a href="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1958.html">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>因为一直拿到的是公司给的特别好的数据，所以没太关注质控这个问题，最近拿到了raw data，才发现其实里面的门道挺多的。前面都是用cutadapt这个python软件来去除接头的，但是它有一个弊端，需要自己指定接头文件。正好朋友推荐了trimmomatic，是java软件，所以直接Google找到其官网，然后下载二进制版本解压即可使用！</div>
<div><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">反正对我的illumina测序数据来说，直接用它就可以把raw data 变成 clean data啦！</span></strong></div>
<div><img src="file:///C:/Users/jimmy1314/AppData/Local/YNote/data/jmzeng1314@163.com/433ed6a29afb46e3aa9e2cc84cbaf0a4/clipboard.png" alt="" data-media-type="image" data-attr-org-src-id="66F96EEA44B64A4CAB6D6D8255B82CD2" /><a href="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/11.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1959" src="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/11.png" alt="1" width="599" height="200" /></a></div>
<p><span id="more-1958"></span></p>
<div>这个软件设计就是为了illumina的测序数据的，因为它自带的adaptor文件有限，上图可以看到！而且一般只去除TruSeq Universal Adapter 这个接头，运行的时候，不报错才算是成功的！</div>
<div>官网有例子，很简单的：<a href="http://www.usadellab.org/cms/?page=trimmomatic">http://www.usadellab.org/cms/?page=trimmomatic</a></div>
<div>Paired End:</div>
<div>java -jar trimmomatic-0.35.jar PE -phred33 input_forward.fq.gz input_reverse.fq.gz output_forward_paired.fq.gz output_forward_unpaired.fq.gz output_reverse_paired.fq.gz output_reverse_unpaired.fq.gz ILLUMINACLIP:TruSeq3-PE.fa:2:30:10 LEADING:3 TRAILING:3 SLIDINGWINDOW:4:15 MINLEN:36 ## 所以只需要把参数放对位置即可！</div>
<div>This will perform the following:</div>
<ul>
<li>Remove adapters (ILLUMINACLIP:TruSeq3-PE.fa:2:30:10)</li>
<li>Remove leading low quality or N bases (below quality 3) (LEADING:3)</li>
<li>Remove trailing low quality or N bases (below quality 3) (TRAILING:3)</li>
<li>Scan the read with a 4-base wide sliding window, cutting when the average quality per base drops below 15 (SLIDINGWINDOW:4:15)</li>
<li>Drop reads below the 36 bases long (MINLEN:36)</li>
</ul>
<div>一般就使用这个默认参数就好啦，处理的时间会有一点慢，我取了10个线程也得十几分钟才搞定2G的fq.gz压缩格式的测序文件，文件的log日志如下：</div>
<div>TrimmomaticPE: Started with arguments:</div>
<div>-threads 10 -phred33 -trimlog tmp.log CHG006373_R1.fastq.gz CHG006373_R2.fastq.gz output_forward_paired.fq.gz output_forward_unpaired.fq.gz output_reverse_paired.fq.gz output_reverse_unpaired.fq.gz ILLUMINACLIP:/home/jmzeng//biosoft/trimmomatic/Trimmomatic-0.36/adapters/TruSeq3-PE.fa:2:30:10 LEADING:10 TRAILING:20 SLIDINGWINDOW:4:25 MINLEN:36</div>
<div>Using PrefixPair: 'TACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCT' and 'GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTGTGCTCTTCCGATCT'</div>
<div>ILLUMINACLIP: Using 1 prefix pairs, 0 forward/reverse sequences, 0 forward only sequences, 0 reverse only sequences</div>
<div>Input Read Pairs: 21427010 Both Surviving: 14507723 (67.71%) Forward Only Surviving: 5297811 (24.72%) Reverse Only Surviving: 375547 (1.75%) Dropped: 1245929 (5.81%)</div>
<div>TrimmomaticPE: Completed successfully</div>
<div>记住指定接头文件一定要用全路径哦！！！</div>
<div>可以看到它使用了自带的文件TruSeq3-PE.fa里面的接头 TACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCT其实只是 TruSeq Universal Adapter (可以在<a href="https://github.com/csf-ngs/fastqc/blob/master/Contaminants/contaminant_list.txt">https://github.com/csf-ngs/fastqc/blob/master/Contaminants/contaminant_list.txt</a> 找到接头信息)的后半段，直接在R1测序文件里面搜索可以看到，距离AAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT这样的字符串和它的 接头 TACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCT之间还有序列：</div>
<div><img src="file:///C:/Users/jimmy1314/AppData/Local/YNote/data/jmzeng1314@163.com/0bb1ff2bbe944182ab5b1f12405b0f4a/clipboard.png" alt="" data-media-type="image" data-attr-org-src-id="9A514F9A3AB245A4BFE5FD740EB6EAA6" /><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1960" src="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/21.png" alt="2" width="1082" height="460" /></div>
<div></div>
<div>比如我们拿第一个序列举例，可以看到第一条序列被trimmomatic丢到了output_forward_unpaired.fq.gz，它就懒得给它去除接头了，因为右端序列更可怜！</div>
<div>检查文件，发现有的地方是根据质量值来去除的，因为跟接头没有半毛钱关系！</div>
<div><img src="file:///C:/Users/jimmy1314/AppData/Local/YNote/data/jmzeng1314@163.com/b2acfc76979543a0b33a7975e6828920/clipboard.png" alt="" data-media-type="image" data-attr-org-src-id="7FAB978A93294E5B81C2AB4D22DE05C6" /><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1961" src="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/3.png" alt="3" width="1106" height="358" /></div>
<div></div>
<div>因为它是接头和低质量碱基一起去除，我很难探究它到底是如何去除接头的，非常郁闷，但是它对illumina的数据效果非常好！因为去除的百分比很高。</div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
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		<title>用lumi包来处理illumina的bead系列表达芯片</title>
		<link>http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1944.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1944.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Oct 2016 12:01:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ulwvfje]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[芯片数据处理]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bioconductor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illumina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lumi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[芯片]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/?p=1944</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[表达芯片大家最熟悉的当然是affymetrix系列芯片啦，而且分析套路很简单，直 &#8230; <a href="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1944.html">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>表达芯片大家最熟悉的当然是affymetrix系列芯片啦，而且分析套路很简单，直接用R的affy包，就可以把cel文件经过RMA或者MAS5方法得到表达矩阵。illumina出厂的芯片略微有点不一样，它的原始数据有3个层级，一般拿到的是<span style="color: #ff0000;">Processed data</span> (<a href="ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE30nnn/GSE30669/suppl/GSE30669_HEK_Sample_Probe_Profile.txt.gz%20" target="_blank">示例</a>), 当仍然需要一系列的统计学方法才能提取到表达矩阵。我比较喜欢用bioconductor，所以下面讲一讲如何用lumi包来处理这个芯片数据！</p>
<div>这个lumi包的使用代码和说明书都有，按部就班的学一遍就好了。</div>
<div><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/lumi/inst/doc/lumi.R">http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/lumi/inst/doc/lumi.R</a></div>
<div><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/lumi/inst/doc/lumi.pdf">http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/lumi/inst/doc/lumi.pdf</a></div>
<div>如果仅仅是分析数据，那么并不难，但是每个分析步骤后面都隐含着一系列的统计学方法，想彻底搞清楚他它们， 就很难了。</div>
<p><span id="more-1944"></span></p>
<div>data(example.lumi)</div>
<div>lumi.N.Q &lt;- <span style="color: #ff0000;">lumiExpresso</span>(example.lumi)</div>
<div>dataMatrix &lt;- <span style="color: #ff0000;">exprs</span>(lumi.N.Q)</div>
<div>重点就是得到表达矩阵，它封装好了一个函数，lumiExpresso可以直接处理LumiBatch对象，这个函数结合了,N,T,B,Q(normalization,transformation,backgroud correction,qulity control)四个步骤，其中Q这个步骤又包括8种统计学图片。在该包的文章有详细说明：<a href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/13/1547.full " target="_blank">http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/13/1547.full </a></div>
<div>而 LumiBatch 对象是通过<span style="color: #ff0000;"> lumiR.batch 读取</span>的芯片文件被Illumina Bead Studio toolkit 处理的结果，也就是通常我们<span style="color: #ff0000;">从公司或者GEO下载的数据( level 3 的 process data)</span>，如下所示：</div>
<div><a href="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/illumina-microarray-level3-data-example.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1945" src="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/illumina-microarray-level3-data-example.png" alt="illumina-microarray-level3-data-example" width="704" height="666" /></a></div>
<div></div>
<div>这个包用的<span style="color: #ff0000;">测试文件Barnes_gene_profile.txt</span>可以在<a href="http://www.chibi.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/">http://www.chibi.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/</a> 下载。</div>
<div>
<div>如果是在GEO下载公共数据，每个study都会给芯片描述文件，基本没有用，只需要下载<span style="color: #ff0000;">non-normalized.txt.gz类似的文件</span>就好了</div>
<div>GPL10558_HumanHT-12_V4_0_R1_15002873_B.txt.gz 13.1 Mb</div>
<div>GPL10558_HumanHT-12_V4_0_R2_15002873_B.txt.gz 13.1 Mb</div>
<div>比如我下载了：<a href="ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE30nnn/GSE30669/suppl/GSE30669_HEK_Sample_Probe_Profile.txt.gz">ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE30nnn/GSE30669/suppl/GSE30669_HEK_Sample_Probe_Profile.txt.gz</a> 这个文件，就可以直接用lumi包的lumiR.batch 函数读取文件成为LumiBatch对象，然后被lumiExpresso函数直接处理，然后被exprs函数提取表达矩阵。</div>
<blockquote>
<div>rm(list=ls())</div>
<div>library(lumi)</div>
<div># setwd('G:/array/illumina-beadseed-v4/lumi_example')</div>
<div># fileName &lt;- 'Barnes_gene_profile.txt' # Not Run</div>
<div>## 首先是从illumina的芯片结果文件，自己用R的lumi包来获取表达矩阵。</div>
<div>setwd('G:/array/illumina-beadseed-v4/GSE30669')</div>
<div>fileName &lt;- 'GSE30669_HEK_Sample_Probe_Profile.txt' # Not Run</div>
<div>x.lumi &lt;- lumiR.batch(fileName) ##, sampleInfoFile='sampleInfo.txt')</div>
<div>pData(phenoData(x.lumi))</div>
<div>## Do all the default preprocessing in one step</div>
<div>lumi.N.Q &lt;- lumiExpresso(x.lumi)</div>
<div>### retrieve normalized data</div>
<div>dataMatrix &lt;- exprs(lumi.N.Q)</div>
<div>## 下面是从GEO里面下载表达矩阵</div>
<div>rm(list=ls())</div>
<div>library(GEOquery)</div>
<div>library(limma)</div>
<div>GSE30669 &lt;- getGEO('GSE30669', destdir=".",getGPL = F)</div>
<div>exprSet=exprs(GSE30669[[1]])</div>
<div>GSE30669[[1]]</div>
<div>pdata=pData(GSE30669[[1]])</div>
<div>exprSet=exprs(GSE30669[[1]])</div>
<div>很明显可以看到前面得到的dataMatrix 和后面得到的 exprSet 都是我们想要的表达矩阵</div>
</blockquote>
<div>## 因为你有时候获取别人处理好的表达矩阵，不符合你的normalization要求。</div>
<div>这个芯片一般是处理12个样本，从GEO里面很容易看到样品是如何分组的。</div>
<div><a href="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tmp.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1946" src="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tmp.png" alt="tmp" width="514" height="308" /></a></div>
<div>
<div>lumi这个包甚至还提供了一个函数produceGEOSubmissionFile来直接把我们的芯片数据转换成NCBI的GEO要求的格式</div>
<div></div>
<div><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">最后，官网链接很重要：https://support.illumina.com/array/array_kits/humanht-12_v4_expression_beadchip_kit/downloads.html </span></strong></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
</div>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>illumina的bead 系列表达芯片扫盲</title>
		<link>http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1937.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1937.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Oct 2016 11:54:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[ulwvfje]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[芯片数据处理]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bead]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illumina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[芯片]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/?p=1937</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[表达芯片大家最熟悉的当然是affymetrix系列芯片啦，而且分析套路很简单，直 &#8230; <a href="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/1937.html">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>表达芯片大家最熟悉的当然是affymetrix系列芯片啦，而且分析套路很简单，直接用R的affy包，就可以把cel文件经过RMA或者MAS5方法得到表达矩阵。illumina出厂的芯片略微有点不一样，它的原始数据有3个层级，一般拿到的是Processed data (<a href="ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE30nnn/GSE30669/suppl/GSE30669_HEK_Sample_Probe_Profile.txt.gz%20" target="_blank">示例</a>), 当仍然需要一系列的统计学方法才能提取到表达矩阵。接下来我们首先讲一讲illumina的bead 系列表达芯片基础知识吧：<span id="more-1937"></span></p>
<div>illumina是大厂家，所以芯片包括人类的，小鼠以及大鼠的，然后对于人来说，经历了V1~V4的进化过程，最新版是 V4。</div>
<div>GEO里面是这样介绍illumina bead V4这个芯片的：</div>
<div>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>The HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip provides high throughput processing of 12 samples per BeadChip without the need for expensive, specialized automation. The BeadChip is designed to support flexible usage across a wide-spectrum of experiments.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>可以在官网下载芯片探针的详情，manifest数据文件：<a href="http://support.illumina.com/array/array_kits/humanht-12_v4_expression_beadchip_kit/downloads.html">http://support.illumina.com/array/array_kits/humanht-12_v4_expression_beadchip_kit/downloads.html</a> 这些文件写清楚了芯片用的探针的详情，包括使用了哪些control探针，主要是给它自己的BeadStudio 软件来使用的。</div>
<div>NCBI的GEO也提供大批量的公共数据：<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GPL10558">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GPL10558</a></div>
<div>芯片厂家illumina本身提供数据<span style="color: #ff0000;">处理软件BeadStudio, GenomeStudio，在R/bioconductor上面也有开源的包做同样的事情，Illuminaio ，beadarray，lumi</span></div>
<div>数据的前期处理有3个层次，都在bioconductor有对应的包可以来处理</div>
<div>Data can be in raw form, where pixel-level data are available from TIFF images, allowing the complete data processing pipeline, including image analysis, to be carried out in R. 这种图片格式的数据，基本上没有人愿意去开始处理的，TIFF格式的图片压缩包，在BeadArrayUseCases包里面附带有一个测试数据</div>
<div>The next level, referred to as bead-level, refers to the availability of intensity and location information for individual beads. In this format, a given probe will have a variable number of replicate intensities per sample. Processed data, where replicate intensities have been summarized and outliers removed to give a mean, a measure of variability, and a number of observations per probe in each sample, is the most commonly available format.</div>
<div>数据处理流程如下：</div>
<div><img class="alignnone  wp-image-1939" src="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/illumina-microarray-data-3-step-processing.png" alt="illumina-microarray-data-3-step-processing" width="774" height="479" /></div>
<div>其实对芯片数据处理最重要的过程，就是如何做QC以及拿到表达量矩阵，后面的差异分析，功能富集分析其实是大同小异的。我比较喜欢用bioconductor包，会讲如何用 lumi包来处理这个芯片数据。</div>
<div>
<div>用bioconductor系列包来处理是最方便的，看这个教程就够了：<a href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/experiment/vignettes/BeadArrayUseCases/inst/doc/BeadArrayUseCases.pdf">https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/experiment/vignettes/BeadArrayUseCases/inst/doc/BeadArrayUseCases.pdf</a></div>
<div>数据处理流程还在plos one杂志上面发表过文章：<a href="http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002276">http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002276</a></div>
<div>BMC也有一篇：<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486126/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486126/</a> 他们团队做了一个网页版工具，直接可以上传illumina芯片的原始数据去做 全套分析：<a href="http://www.arrayanalysis.org/">http://www.arrayanalysis.org/</a></div>
<div>在R/bioconductor里面，跟人类相关的illumina beadseed芯片注释包如下：</div>
<div>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/annotation/html/illuminaHumanv1.db.html" target="_blank">illuminaHumanv1.db</a></td>
<td>Mark Dunning</td>
<td>Illumina HumanWG6v1 annotation data (chip illuminaHumanv1)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/annotation/html/illuminaHumanv2.db.html" target="_blank">illuminaHumanv2.db</a></td>
<td>Mark Dunning</td>
<td>Illumina HumanWG6v2 annotation data (chip illuminaHumanv2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/annotation/html/illuminaHumanv2BeadID.db.html" target="_blank">illuminaHumanv2BeadID.db</a></td>
<td>Mark Dunning</td>
<td>Illumina HumanWGv2 annotation data (chip illuminaHumanv2BeadID)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/annotation/html/illuminaHumanv3.db.html" target="_blank">illuminaHumanv3.db</a></td>
<td>Mark Dunning</td>
<td>Illumina HumanHT12v3 annotation data (chip illuminaHumanv3)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/annotation/html/illuminaHumanv4.db.html" target="_blank">illuminaHumanv4.db</a></td>
<td>Mark Dunning</td>
<td>Illumina HumanHT12v4 annotation data (chip illuminaHumanv4)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>详情可以去bioconductor官网搜索：<a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/BiocViews.html#___AnnotationData">http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/BiocViews.html#___AnnotationData</a></div>
<div>芯片包装如下：</div>
<div><a href="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/illumina-microarray.png"><img class="alignnone  wp-image-1942" src="http://www.bio-info-trainee.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/illumina-microarray.png" alt="illumina-microarray" width="694" height="511" /></a></div>
</div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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